Research paper
Patterson and Dougall, The Eagle and the Shield (1978)
The official history of the Great Seal of the United States — and why its eye and pyramid have nothing to do with the Illuminati.
- Date
- 1978
- Author / issuer
- Richard S. Patterson and Richardson Dougall
What it is
A detailed history of the Great Seal of the United States, published by the U.S. Department of State.
Why it matters
It documents, from the committee records, how the reverse of the seal — the unfinished pyramid and the Eye of Providence — was designed between 1776 and 1782. It is the best single source for showing that these images have no connection with the Bavarian Illuminati. See The Eye Was Never Theirs.
Source reference
Richard S. Patterson and Richardson Dougall, The Eagle and the Shield: A History of the Great Seal of the United States (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of State, 1978). Digitised at the Internet Archive